Shanhaiguan is a small fortified city in Hebei province located 15 km from the city of Qinhuangdao between the Yanshan Mountains and the Bohai Sea. Shanhaiguan is known throughout Chine as "the first Gate under Heaven" of the Great Wall. This section impresses as the place where the Great Wall of Chine meets the sea, offering visitors a truly unique panorama.

History

The city was renovated several times under different dynasties until it was transformed into a military fortress during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). Shanhaiguan perfectly reflects the Ming's conservative and xenophobic mindset. The fortified city was built to protect the country from the Manchurians following the traumatic Mongol attacks. Construction of the Great Wall section began under the Ming during the reign of Hongwu (1368–1398), the dynasty's first emperor. Its strategic position between northern and northeastern Chine made this passage an important point of contention for military strategists. The garrison city successfully protected the country until 1644. Chinese rebels then seized Beijing and General Wu Sangui opened the city to allow Manchurian troops to enter the country and suppress the uprising. Later, the Manchurian army seized the entire country and established the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911).

Old Town of Shanhaiguan

Shanhaiguan's ancient city still houses numerous historical buildings despite renovations undertaken by the municipality. Cobblestone streets lined with old residences and workshops featuring traditional architecture will immerse you in a historical atmosphere that offers a perfect preview of the Great Wall. You can stop at certain temples, sometimes renovated or rebuilt identically, or visit one of the tourist shops to pick up some souvenirs to round off your day.

First Gate under Heaven

The First Gate under Heaven, also called the East Gate, is the first gate of the Great Wall at its terminus. The wall reaches 12 meters high here with a two-story watchtower rising to 13.7 meters. The open panorama allows you to see the damaged sections of the ramparts in the surrounding hills and the old city. From the watchtower, the viewpoint reveals the Jiaoshan Great Wall to the north and the sea to the south.

Jiaoshan

During a visit to Shanhaiguan, be sure to visit the Jiaoshan section, the highest section of the Great Wall. The viewpoint there is breathtaking, overlooking the mountains and blue waters on the horizon. For the more adventurous among you, it's possible to extend the excursion by following the unrestored segment of the Wall via the watchtowers. This promises an authentic hike and, above all, a peaceful one.

Great Wall Museum

To discover the history of the Great Wall, Chinese legends about it and other antiquities, the Great Wall Museum is an ideal visit. The museum is one of three major thematic museums dedicated to the Great Wall along with those at Badaling and Jiayuguan. Located in the old town 200 meters south of the First Pass under Heaven, the museum spans 1,247 m² and is divided into 6 exhibition halls: the Introductory Hall, History Hall, Construction Hall, Military Hall, Cultural Hall, and the hall dedicated to Shanhaiguan. All these halls allow you to trace the history and evolution of the wall.

The Old Dragon's Head

The Old Dragon's Head marks the terminus of the Great Wall as it meets the sea. The tip of the Wall extends up to 20 meters into the Bohai Sea and is said to resemble the head of a dragon drinking water, hence its name. Located 4 km south of the old town, the Old Dragon's Head is one of the region's most picturesque sites, offering a unique spectacle. Several pavilions and towers stand side by side at this terminus, each offering breathtaking views of the sea. Following one of the paths, you can enjoy the beach and get a clear view of the Wall with your feet in the water, while watching waves crash against the ancient fortification.

When to Visit?

Shanhaiguan can be visited throughout the year, with each season bringing different charm to the place. The climate is very pleasant in spring and autumn with mild temperatures and relatively clear skies. Summers are hot and make enjoying the sea breeze even more appealing. In winter, snow covers a good portion of the wall and reveals a surprising landscape. However, avoid visiting during Chinese holidays (Chinese New Year, Spring Festival, and National Day).

From Beijing

From Beijing Railway Station and Beijing South Railway Station, several trains head to Shanhaiguan Railway Station. The First Gate under Heaven is only a 10-minute walk from the station.

From Qinhuangdao

A train from Qinhuangdao Station connects to Shanhaiguan Station. Local buses (routes 25 and 33) shuttle between the city and the Wall.

Hours and Admission

Hours for the old town and First Gate under Heaven: May to October: 7am–6pm — 40 RMB for the First Gate under Heaven; November to April: 7:30am–5pm — 15 RMB for the First Gate under Heaven Great Wall Museum Hours: 8am–5pm, closed Mondays — 5 RMB Old Dragon's Head Hours: 7am–6pm — 60 RMB Combined Ticket First Gate under Heaven + Old Dragon's Head: 120 RMB