Name: Kaifeng

Chinese name: 开封市

Province: Henan

Status: Prefecture-level city

Population: 4,800,000

Area: 6,444 km²

Downstream from the Yellow River, Kaifeng is a prefecture-level city in Henan province, located approximately 70 kilometers from Zhengzhou.

Kaifeng is counted among the 24 historic and cultural cities of Chine and is said to be the birthplace of Chinese calligraphy.

History

With a history spanning over 3,000 years, Kaifeng is recognized as one of the six great centers of ancient Chinese civilization.

During the Yin-Shang period (1334 BCE – 1066 BCE), Chinese society transitioned from a nomadic lifestyle to settled agricultural communities on fertile lands, eventually forming a city. It later became the capital of the Wei Kingdom during the Warring States period (475 BCE – 331 BCE).

Kaifeng, known then as Daliang, was subsequently destroyed by the Qin and abandoned. In the 7th century, Kaifeng was transformed into a major commercial hub through its connection with the Grand Canal.

The Tang Dynasty made it their capital under the name Bian. It remained a capital during the Five Dynasties period.

The Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127) made Kaifeng their imperial capital for 168 years before relocating their seat to Hangzhou.

Today

With a rich history of 2,700 years, Kaifeng abounds in cultural relics and historic sites that hold significant tourist appeal.

Kaifeng has not escaped Chine's rapid development but has successfully preserved its charm as a former capital. The city presents a perfect reflection of the past, blending ancient character with modernity. This ancient capital is known for harboring one of Chine's last Jewish communities.

From the impressive Iron Pagoda to the magnificent Xiangguo Monastery, passing through the Sacred Dragon Pavilion and the renowned Kaifeng Museum, visitors can explore the city and discover sumptuous monuments reflecting its glorious past. Follow the steep pathways that lead to the grey-brick ramparts encircling the city. Then pause at the Shanshangan Guild House to admire the roof sculptures and learn more about Kaifeng's history through an exhibition of vintage photographs.

Celebrated as the birthplace of calligraphy and Henan opera, you can enjoy painting exhibitions or folk art performances such as lion dances and drum concerts.

Beyond its historical attractions, Kaifeng is a renowned culinary destination and offers the perfect opportunity to discover regional gastronomy. Savor the animated nights and open-air restaurants serving delicious spicy skewers.

Kaifeng is also a small paradise for shopping enthusiasts. The particularly lively night market in the heart of the city brimms with artisanal products. In autumn, the Chrysanthemum Flower Fair takes place, immersing you in a colorful world.

Kaifeng never lacks for activity and will captivate visitors during even a brief stay.

Climate

Kaifeng is subject to a temperate monsoon continental climate with four distinct seasons.

The average annual temperature is approximately 14°C and average annual precipitation is around 670 mm. Rainfall in the region is moderate.

The ideal time to visit Kaifeng is from September to November, or in spring when the weather is neither too cold nor too hot.

Air

Located 70 km from Zhengzhou International Airport, Kaifeng is easily accessible.

Train

Kaifeng Railway Station is served by trains from Beijing, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Xian, Xuzhou, Shangqiu and beyond.

Long-distance Bus

There is a long-distance bus station north of the local railway station. Long-distance buses depart daily from cities including Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Sanmenxia, Shangqiu, Xinxiang, Anyang, Beijing, Xuchang, Luohe, Zhumadian, Shenzhen, and others.

It is relatively easy to take public buses in Kaifeng. Most are equipped with self-service ticketing and serve the city's major tourist attractions.

Bus No. 20 is a special tourist bus that stops at each attraction in the city.

Taxis offer a convenient and affordable way to get around Kaifeng.

What to Do in Kaifeng?

• Understand the city's history at the Kaifeng Museum and the Shanshangan Guild House.
• Soak in the festive atmosphere of the evenings and visit the night market before enjoying a delicious local meal at one of the city's open-air restaurants.
• Step back in time at the Iron Pagoda or the Lord Bao Memorial Temple.
• Observe the city from its brick ramparts.
• Discover the art of calligraphy at the Daxiangguo Temple.